【科普篇】国内关于航空润滑油所用基础油的标准介绍
发布日期：2017-08-24 浏览量：
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矿物(wu)润(run)滑(hua)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)基础油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)又称(cheng)中(zhong)性(xing)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)。中(zhong)性(xing)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)粘(zhan)(zhan)度(du)等(deng)(deng)级以37.8℃(100℉）的赛(sai)氏粘(zhan)(zhan)度(du)（秒）表(biao)示，标以100N、150N、500N等(deng)(deng)；而(er)把取自残渣油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)得的高粘(zhan)(zhan)度(du)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，则称(cheng)作光亮油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(bright oil)，以98.9（210℉）赛(sai)氏粘(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(秒)表(biao)示，如150BS、120BS等(deng)(deng)。我国(guo)(guo)于70年代(dai)起，制(zhi)定出三(san)种中(zhong)性(xing)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)标准(zhun)，即石蜡基中(zhong)性(xing)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、中(zhong)间基中(zhong)性(xing)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)和(he)环烷(wan)基中(zhong)性(xing)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)大(da)标准(zhun)，分别以SN、ZN和(he)DN加以标志。例如：75SN、100SN、150SN、200SN、350SN、500SN、650SN和(he)150BS。但是，SN油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的粘(zhan)(zhan)度(du)以40℃的运(yun)动(dong)粘(zhan)(zhan)度(du)，BS则以100℃运(yun)动(dong)粘(zhan)(zhan)度(du)划(hua)分。这些(xie)中(zhong)性(xing)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的规(gui)格标准(zhun)已在国(guo)(guo)内实行(xing)了一段(duan)时期，对(dui)于润(run)滑(hua)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)总(zong)体生产技术起了促(cu)进和(he)提高作用。
中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国石(shi)化总公(gong)司(si)从90年代(dai)起(qi)按照国际(ji)上通(tong)用的中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)油(you)(you)分类方法，并根(gen)据国内(nei)原油(you)(you)性(xing)(xing)(xing)质和粘(zhan)度(du)指(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)，把中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)油(you)(you)分为UHVI（超高粘(zhan)度(du)指(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu),粘(zhan)度(du)指(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)＞140）、VHVI（很高粘(zhan)度(du)指(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu),粘(zhan)度(du)指(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)＞120）、HVI（高粘(zhan)度(du)指(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)，粘(zhan)度(du)指(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)＞80）、MVI（中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)粘(zhan)度(du)指(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)，粘(zhan)度(du)指(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)40－80）和LVI（低粘(zhan)度(du)指(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)，粘(zhan)度(du)指(zhi)(zhi)＜40）四大类。另外，根(gen)据大跨度(du)多级内(nei)燃(ran)机油(you)(you)、液(ye)力传动油(you)(you)、高性(xing)(xing)(xing)能极压工业齿轮油(you)(you)等高档油(you)(you)品对中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)油(you)(you)的性(xing)(xing)(xing)质要求，又(you)订出了(le)HVIS和MVIS两(liang)类深度(du)精制的中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)油(you)(you)标(biao)准(zhun)，以(yi)及HVIW和MVIW两(liang)类深度(du)脱蜡的中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)油(you)(you)标(biao)准(zhun)。这些中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)油(you)(you)的氧化安定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、抗(kang)乳化性(xing)(xing)(xing)、蒸(zheng)发损(sun)失和倾点等指(zhi)(zhi)标(biao)均较前面(mian)几种中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)油(you)(you)规定(ding)了(le)更(geng)高的要求。
HVI高粘(zhan)度指数中性油，规定粘(zhan)度指数不小于95。用于配制粘(zhan)温(wen)性能要求较高的润滑油。粘(zhan)度牌(pai)号为HVI-75、HVI-100、HVI-150、HVI-200、HVI-350、HVI-400、HVI-500以及(ji)HIV-650和两个HVI-120BS、HVI-150BS光亮(liang)油。
MVI为中(zhong)粘(zhan)度(du)指数中(zhong)性油。粘(zhan)度(du)指数不(bu)(bu)小于60。适用于配(pei)制粘(zhan)温(wen)性能(neng)要求不(bu)(bu)高的润滑油。粘(zhan)度(du)牌号为：MVI-60、MVI-75、MVI-100、MVI-150、MVI-250、MVI-500、MVI-600、MVI-750、MVI-900以及MVI-90BS、MVI125/140BS和MVI-200/220BS三个光亮(liang)油。
LVI为低(di)(di)粘度(du)指数中性油(you)。未规定最低(di)(di)粘度(du)指数。适用于(yu)配制(zhi)变压(ya)器油(you)、冷(leng)冻机油(you)等低(di)(di)凝(ning)点(dian)润(run)滑油(you)。粘度(du)牌号为：LVI-60、LVI-75、LVI-100、LVI-150、LVI-300、LVI-500、LVI-900、LVI-1200以及LVI-90BS、LVI-230/250BS两(liang)个(ge)光亮油(you)。
HVIS高(gao)粘度(du)(du)指数深(shen)度(du)(du)精(jing)制中性油(you)(you)，除(chu)粘度(du)(du)指数大(da)于95外，还有较(jiao)优良的(de)氧化安定性、抗乳(ru)化性和一定的(de)蒸发损失指标(biao)。适用(yong)于调配(pei)高(gao)档汽轮机(ji)油(you)(you)、极压(ya)工业齿轮油(you)(you)。其粘度(du)(du)牌号对应(ying)于HVI中性油(you)(you)。
HVIW为高(gao)粘(zhan)(zhan)度(du)指(zhi)(zhi)数、低凝点和低挥发(fa)性中(zhong)性油。除(chu)粘(zhan)(zhan)度(du)指(zhi)(zhi)数大于95外，还规(gui)定(ding)了(le)较(jiao)低凝点、较(jiao)低的(de)蒸发(fa)损(sun)失和具(ju)有良好的(de)氧化安定(ding)性。适用于调配高(gao)档内燃机油、低温液(ye)压油、液(ye)力传动液(ye)等。其粘(zhan)(zhan)度(du)牌号对应于HVI中(zhong)性油。
MVIS为中(zhong)(zhong)粘度(du)(du)(du)指(zhi)数深度(du)(du)(du)精制中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)油，除粘度(du)(du)(du)指(zhi)数不小于(yu)60外，还有较(jiao)好(hao)的氧化(hua)安定性(xing)(xing)(xing)和抗乳(ru)化(hua)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。适用于(yu)调配汽轮机油等。其粘度(du)(du)(du)牌号对应(ying)于(yu)MVI中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)油。
MVIW为(wei)中(zhong)粘度指数低(di)凝点低(di)挥发性中(zhong)性油，除粘度指数不小(xiao)于(yu)60外(wai)，还有较好的氧化安定性、抗乳(ru)化性和(he)蒸发损失(shi)。适用(yong)于(yu)调配内(nei)燃机油、低(di)温液压油等。
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